In 2023 and 2024, the PLA Rocket Force underwent a sweeping personnel purge. Senior commanders were removed. The political commissar was replaced. Multiple defense industry executives associated with missile programs disappeared from public view. Western observers initially read the purge as evidence of catastrophic problems: missiles filled with water instead of fuel, silos with non-functioning lids, corruption rotting the strategic deterrent. Two years on, a more measured reading is possible.

The People’s Liberation Army has been studying the problem of amphibious assault on Taiwan for longer than most of its current officer corps has been alive. The scenario has driven force development decisions, procurement priorities, and joint operations doctrine across three decades of modernization. What the PLA has built is not a military designed to fight a generic adversary in generic conditions. It is a military designed, among other things, to cross 110 miles of water against a prepared defender while managing American intervention. Understanding what that military looks like is the starting point for any serious assessment of Taiwan Strait risk.